EPS@ISEP | The European Project Semester (EPS) at ISEP

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report [2014/06/29 18:04] – [Acknowledgement] team5report [2014/06/29 18:43] (current) – [2.2. Functioning] team5
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 ===== Abstract  ===== ===== Abstract  =====
-Over recent years the research and development for aquaponics has received increased attention due to its possibilities in helping reduce strain on resources within 1st and 3rd world countries. Aquaponics is the combination of hydroponics and aquaculture and mimics a natural environment in order to successfully apply and enhance the understanding of natural cycles within an indoor process. By using this knowledge of natural cycles it is possible to create a system with the capabilities similar to that of a natural environment with the benefits of electronic adaptions to enhance the overall efficiency of the system. This paper covers our solution to this opportunity involving overall design, the technology involved and what benefits it could bring to the current market.+Over recent years the research and development for aquaponics has received increased attention due to its possibilities in helping reduce strain on resources within 1st and 3rd world countries. Aquaponics is the combination of hydroponics and aquaculture and mimics a natural environment in order to successfully apply and enhance the understanding of natural cycles within an indoor process. By using this knowledge of natural cycles it is possible to create a system with the capabilities similar to that of a natural environment with the benefits of electronic adaptions to enhance the overall efficiency of the system.
 ===== Glossary ===== ===== Glossary =====
  
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 {{:2014_team5.jpg}} {{:2014_team5.jpg}}
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-In this report we adopt and follow the recommendations of the International System of Units [(nist2008)].+In this report we adopt and follow the recommendations of the International System of Units.
 ==== 1.2. Motivation ==== ==== 1.2. Motivation ====
 As a group we came to an early decision that we would like to choose a proposal that incorporated sustainable techniques and been eco-friendly, as this is the future of all Design/Engineering. As a group we were all interested in creating our own Aquaponics system as this is a system/technique that is becoming ever more popular throughout the world, more so in poorer regions and where water is a limited resource. As a group we came to an early decision that we would like to choose a proposal that incorporated sustainable techniques and been eco-friendly, as this is the future of all Design/Engineering. As a group we were all interested in creating our own Aquaponics system as this is a system/technique that is becoming ever more popular throughout the world, more so in poorer regions and where water is a limited resource.
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 ==== 2.1. Introduction ==== ==== 2.1. Introduction ====
-Aquaponics is based on productive systems that can be found in nature. It can be described as the combination of aquaculture and hydroponics and this is where the name comes from: Aqua-ponics.+Aquaponics is based on productive systems that can be found in nature. It can be described as the combination of aquaculture and hydroponics and this is where the name comes from: Aqua-ponics [1].
  
-Hydroponic systems rely on the use of nutrients made by humans for optimum growth of plants. Nutrients are manufactured from a blend of chemicals, mineral salts and trace elements to form the 'perfect' balance. Water in hydroponic systems must be discharged periodically, so that the salts and chemicals do not accumulate in the water which could become very toxic to plants. +Hydroponic systems rely on the use of nutrients made by humans for optimum growth of plants. Nutrients are manufactured from a blend of chemicals, mineral salts and trace elements to form the 'perfect' balance. Water in hydroponic systems must be discharged periodically, so that the salts and chemicals do not accumulate in the water which could become very toxic to plants.
  
-Aquaculture systems focus on maximizing the growth of fish in ponds. Fish are usually crammed into ponds, it is not uncommon to have a density of 10 kg of fish per 100 l of water. High densities of breeding often mean that water from the reservoir becomes polluted by effluent from fish that produces high concentrations of ammonia. The water must be drained off at a rate of 10-20% of the total volume of the basin, once per day, every day. This water is often rejected directly into the wilderness where it pollutes and destroys natural resources.+Aquaponics combines the two systems in a symbiotic environment. It cancels the negative aspects of each. Instead of adding toxic chemical solutions to cultivate plants, Aquaponics uses highly nutrient effluent from fish that contain virtually all the nutrients needed for optimum growth of plants. Instead of discharging water, Aquaponics uses plants to cleanse and purify the water, after which the water is put back in the aquarium. This water can be re-used but must be topped up at certain stages due to losses from evaporation and plant usage [2].
  
-Aquaponics combines the two systems in a symbiotic environment. It cancels the negative aspects of each. Instead of adding toxic chemical solutions to cultivate plants, Aquaponics uses highly nutrient effluent from fish that contain virtually all the nutrients needed for optimum growth of plants. Instead of discharging water, Aquaponics uses plants to cleanse and purify the water, after which the water is put back in the aquarium. This water can be re-used but must be topped up at certain stages due to losses from evaporation and plant usage. 
  
 ==== 2.2. Functioning ==== ==== 2.2. Functioning ====
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 <figure flabel1> <figure flabel1>
 {{ :cycle-azote-aquaponie.jpg |}} {{ :cycle-azote-aquaponie.jpg |}}
-<caption>Nitrogen cycle</caption>+<caption>The nitrogen cycle in an aquaponics system [3]</caption>
 </figure> </figure>
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-=== 2.2.2 Aquaponics System ===+=== 2.2.2 Aquaponics System [52]===
 It is in fact  a near Self Sustaining Ecosystem which requires minimal input and includes live bodies within an ecological cycle. It is in fact  a near Self Sustaining Ecosystem which requires minimal input and includes live bodies within an ecological cycle.
  * Fish are fed and then produce excrement rich in nitrogen (ammonia NH3 and urea), phosphor and potassium. This excrement is the source of nutrients for the plants. Food given to the fish is put back into the water in the form of fertilizer (excrement) but the ammonia is toxic for the fish. We must filter the water to reduce/rid of the ammonia so the fish will survive.  * Fish are fed and then produce excrement rich in nitrogen (ammonia NH3 and urea), phosphor and potassium. This excrement is the source of nutrients for the plants. Food given to the fish is put back into the water in the form of fertilizer (excrement) but the ammonia is toxic for the fish. We must filter the water to reduce/rid of the ammonia so the fish will survive.
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 <figure flabel2> <figure flabel2>
 {{:sistema_acuaponia_en.jpg?500|}} {{:sistema_acuaponia_en.jpg?500|}}
-<caption>Aquaponics system</caption>+<caption>Simple functioning example of an aquaponics system [4]</caption>
 </figure> </figure>
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-==== 2.3. Components ====+==== 2.3. Components [57] ====
 There are basic components that every Aquaponics system will need, regardless of the type of Aquaponics system we set up. There can be some variation in what we actually use for each component, usually dependant on how much money we want to spend. we will need the following for an Aquaponics set-up. There are basic components that every Aquaponics system will need, regardless of the type of Aquaponics system we set up. There can be some variation in what we actually use for each component, usually dependant on how much money we want to spend. we will need the following for an Aquaponics set-up.
  
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 These are the basic components we will need when we set up our Aquaponics system but what we end up using depends on the type of system we decide on. It is advised to start small so we can learn the art and science of Aquaponics before investing too much time and money. As we gain experience, we can add more tanks and grow the size of our Aquaponics garden and move up to miniature farms. These are the basic components we will need when we set up our Aquaponics system but what we end up using depends on the type of system we decide on. It is advised to start small so we can learn the art and science of Aquaponics before investing too much time and money. As we gain experience, we can add more tanks and grow the size of our Aquaponics garden and move up to miniature farms.
-==== 2.4. Different type of culture system  ====+==== 2.4. Different type of culture system [58] ====
 There are three basic styles of Aquaponic systems. Each system have some advantages and disadvantages and may be preferred depending on the type of culture we choose.  There are three basic styles of Aquaponic systems. Each system have some advantages and disadvantages and may be preferred depending on the type of culture we choose. 
    
 === 2.4.1. Nutrient Film Technique (NFT) ===  === 2.4.1. Nutrient Film Technique (NFT) === 
-{{ :nft-aquaponie.jpg?300|}} 
 The NFT is a method commonly used in Hydroponics, but is not as common in Aquaponic systems. In systems NFT, nutrient-rich water is pumped into small enclosed gutters, the water flows in a very thin film down the gutter. Plants are placed in small plastic cups enabling their access to water and roots to absorb nutrients. The NFT is not really suitable for all types of plants, usually this will be booked to the leafy green vegetables, large plants have root systems that are too large and invasive or they become too heavy for the gutters. The NFT is a method commonly used in Hydroponics, but is not as common in Aquaponic systems. In systems NFT, nutrient-rich water is pumped into small enclosed gutters, the water flows in a very thin film down the gutter. Plants are placed in small plastic cups enabling their access to water and roots to absorb nutrients. The NFT is not really suitable for all types of plants, usually this will be booked to the leafy green vegetables, large plants have root systems that are too large and invasive or they become too heavy for the gutters.
 +<WRAP centeralign>
 +<figure flabel3>
 +{{:nft-aquaponie.jpg?|}}
 +<caption>Example of a NFT culture system [5]</caption>
 +</figure>
 +</WRAP>
  
 === 2.4.2. Deep Water Culture (DWC) === === 2.4.2. Deep Water Culture (DWC) ===
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 Regarding future development we would possibly look towards creating a much cheaper product that can be made from entirely recycled materials to be shipped/manufactured within third world countries. The benefits of an Aquaponics system within these countries would be immediately felt due to the increase in both food and water resources. Regarding future development we would possibly look towards creating a much cheaper product that can be made from entirely recycled materials to be shipped/manufactured within third world countries. The benefits of an Aquaponics system within these countries would be immediately felt due to the increase in both food and water resources.
 ===== References ===== ===== References =====
-__//Example://__  [n°] Author, Website name, URL, Year, Month, Accessed in x month 2014.\\ +[1] Obash Rune. (2006, November) Wikipedia. [Online]. http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquaponie 
-\\ +\\ [2] Franck Emmans. (2013, december) Network survivaliste francophone. [Online]. http://www.network-survivaliste-francophone.com/nourriture-autonomie-independance-survivalisme/aquaponie/laquaponie-quest-ce-que-cest/ 
-[1] Name, Title, Year. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6650186 [Accessed 07/04/2014]. [[https://www.dropbox.com/s/b1fyf30dxmdcjl4/Automated_Indoor_Aquaponic_Cultivation_Technique.pdf|PDF]].\\ +\\ [3] Figure 1: the nitrogen cycle in an aquaponics system , http://api.ning.com/files/BykvwnNi9Lu4BORU5fhehC2ljKTW1GQ6PFXrbKQn3r0UYPbaNo5NJ*oXMcfyBRckj8L8-F6J-McB8fnUHEeFP70NhtfBwTfO/nitro.jpg. 
-[2] http://smallbusiness.chron.com/product-positioning-strategy-3350.html [Accessed 28-31/03/14]\\ +\\ [4] Figure 2: Simple functioning example of an Aquaponics system, http://diyaquaponicsguide.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/DIY-Aquaponics.jpg. 
-[3] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maslow's_hierarchy_of_needs [Accessed 28-31/03/14]\\ +\\ [5] Figure 3: Example of a NFT culture system, http://www.superaktif.net/wp-content/upLoads/2011/12/nft1.jpg. 
-[4] http://smallbusiness.chron.com/examples-positioning-strategy-marketing-10166.html [Accessed 28-31/03/14]\\ +\\ [6] Figure 4: Example of an DWC system, http://theolleys.files.wordpress.com/2012/05/dwc-raft.jpg?w=820. 
-[5] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positioning_(marketing) [Accessed 28-31/03/14]\\ +\\ [8] Figure 6: Example of continuous flow circulation, http://aquaponie-pratique.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/systeme-aquaponie-sans-siphon.jpg. 
-[6] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_food [Accessed 28-31/03/14]\\ +\\ [7] Figure 5: Example of a media filled bed culture system, http://aquaponicswork.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/back-yard-aquaponics-3.jpg. 
-[7] http://www.reportlinker.com/ci02035/Organic-Food.html [[Accessed 28-31/03/14]\\ +\\ [9] Figure 7: Example of a flood and drain circulation, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZHaiVhVZ3kM. 
-[8] https://news.wsu.edu/2013/10/21/personal-and-social-concerns-motivate-organic-food-buyers-study-offers-tips-for-green-advertising-strategists/ [[Accessed 28-31/03/14] \\ +\\ [10] Figure 8: Example of Chist pist circulation, http://www.network-survivaliste-francophone.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/aquaponie-chop.jpg. 
-[9] http://naturalresourcereport.com/2009/09/chart-organic-growth-by-food-group/ [Accessed 31/04/2014] \\ +\\ [11] Figure 10: PEST analysis diagram, http://www.marketingteacher.com/pest-analysis. 
-[10]http://raeng.org.uk/societygov/engineeringethics/pdf/Engineering_ethics_in_practice_short.pdf [Accessed 5/04/2014] \\ +\\ [12] (2014) Wikipedia. [Online]. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_food  
-[11] http://vn.docsread.com/tw_files2/urls_3/128/d-127621/7z-docs/1.pdf [Accessed 5/04/2014] \\ +\\ [13] Figure 11: Organic food sales, http://naturalresourcereport.com/2009/09/chart-organic-growth-by-food-group/. 
-[12] http://www.nspe.org/resources/ethics/code-ethics#sthash.NHHsW0Ze.dpuf [Accessed 5/04/2014] \\ +\\ [14] Brandt Michelle. (2012) Little evidence of health benefits from organic foods, Stanford study finds. [Online]. http://med.stanford.edu/ism/2012/september/organic.html 
-[13] http://www.acm.org/about/se-code [Accessed 5/04/2014] \\ +\\ [15] (2014) Back to the Roots. [Online]. www.backtotheroots.com 
-[14]http://cea.uprrp.edu/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Dra.-Snejanka-Penkova.-Etica-de-investigacion-27.09.13.pdf [Accessed 5/04/2014] \\ +\\ [16] Figure 12: Back to the Roots' aquaponics system, http://www.theshelbyreport.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/Back-to-the-Roots-Aquaponic-garden-WEB.jpg. 
-[15] https://www.backtotheroots.com/shop/aquafarm [Accessed 03/04/2014] \\ +\\ [18] Figure 13: Acquponics system by Backyard Aquaponics, www.backyardaquaponics.com. 
-===== Appendices =====+\\ [17] Backyard Aquaponics. (2012) Backyard Aquaponics. [Online]. www.backyardaquaponics.com  
 +\\ [19] Nelson, Pade, and Inc. (2013) Nelson and Pade Shop. [Online]. store.aquaponics.com/index.php?route=common/home 
 +\\ [20] Figure 14: Aquaponics system by Nelson Pade's Shop, store.aquaponics.com/index.php?route=common/home. 
 +\\ [21] Figure 15: Targeting subsets of consumers, cwcc.wordpress.com/2011/02/07/tips-for-defining-your-target-market. 
 +\\ [22] Jack Trout. (2009) Brand positioning basics. [Online]. www.brandingstrategyinsider.com/2009/02/brand-positioning-basics.html#.U5Hn_N4SOYA 
 +\\ [23] Jack Trout. (2014) Summary of positioning. Abstract. [Online]. www.valuebasedmanagement.net/methods_trout_positioning.html 
 +\\ [24] Figure 16: Maslow's hierarchy of needs diagram, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Maslow. 
 +\\ [25] Figure 17: Aps marketing mix example, www.smartdraw.com/examples/view/4ps+marketing+mix/. 
 +\\ [26] The Chartered Institute of marketing Marketing. (2014) An overview of marketing. [Online]. www.cim.co.uk/marketingplanningtool/intro.asp 
 +\\ [28] The Royal Academy of Enginnering. (2011, August) Raeng. [Online]. http://raeng.org.uk/societygov/engineeringethics/pdf/Engineering_ethics_in_practice_short.pdf 
 +\\ [27] Figure 19: Three spheres of sustainability diagram, cft.vanderbilt.edu/files/ven-sus.png. 
 +\\ [29] National Society of Professional Engineers. (2007, July) NSPE. [Online]. http://www.nspe.org/sites/default/files/resources/pdfs/Ethics/CodeofEthics/Code-2007-July.pdf 
 +\\ [30] Inc. and the Institute for Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Association for Computing Machinery. (1999) Association for Computing Machinery. [Online]. http://www.acm.org/about/se-code 
 +\\ [31] Snejanka Penkova. (2013, September) Centro Para la Excelencia Académica. Universidad de Puerto Rico recinto de Río Piedras. [Online]. http://cea.uprrp.edu/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Dra.-Snejanka-Penkova.-Etica-de-investigacion-27.09.13.pdf 
 +\\ [32] Arduino. (2009) Board Duemilanove. [Online]. http://arduino.cc/en/Main/arduinoBoardDuemilanove 
 +\\ [33] Figure 38: Arduino duemilanove model: ARDU-004, www.inmotion.pt/store/arduino-duemilanove. 
 +\\ [34] Inmotion. (2013, November) [Online]. http://www.inmotion.pt/store/lcd-module-16x2-black-on-green 
 +\\ [35] Figure 39: LCD module 16x2 black and green, www.inmotion.pt/store/lcd-module-16x2-black-on-green. 
 +\\ [36] Dallas Semiconductor. (2012, July) Inmotion. [Online]. http://inmotion.pt/documentation/sparkfun/SEN-11050/DS18B20.pdf 
 +\\ [38] Phidgets. (2014, April) [Online]. http://www.phidgets.com/docs/1018_User_Guide 
 +\\ [37] Figure 41: Temperature sensor - waterproof (DS18B20), www.inmotion.pt/store/temperature-sensor-waterproof-ds18b20. 
 +\\ [39] Figure 42: Phidget interface kit 8/8/8 model: PHP 1018_2, www.inmotion.pt/store/phidgetinterfacekit-888. 
 +\\ [40] Phidgets. (2013, Octorber) [Online]. http://www.phidgets.com/docs/PH/ORP_Sensor_Primer 
 +\\ [41] Figure 43: ASP200-2-&M-BNC pH Lab Electrode, www.inmotion.pt/store/asp200-2-1m-bnc-ph-lab-electrode. 
 +\\ [42] Phidgets. (2009) Inmotion. [Online]. http://www.inmotion.pt/store/phorp-adapter 
 +\\ [43] Figure 44: Ph/ORP adapter model: PHP-1130, www.inmotion.pt/store/phorp-adapter. 
 +\\ [44] Figure 45: 3002-60cm sensor cable, www.inmotion.pt/store/sensor-cable-60-cm. 
 +\\ [45] Figure 46: pH snesor + pH/ORP adapter + phidgetinterface, www.phidgets.com/products.php?product_id=3550. 
 +\\ [46] Finder. Farnell element 14. [Online]. http://www.farnell.com/datasheets/1504641.pdf 
 +\\ [48] Figure 49: Current driver ULN2003, www.engineersgarage.com/sites/default/files/ULN2003.JPG?1301041023. 
 +\\ [47] Engineers garage. (2012) [Online]. http://www.engineersgarage.com/sites/default/files/ULN2003.pdf 
 +\\ [49] Inmotion. (2013, November) [Online]. http://www.inmotion.pt/store/power-supply-5v-2-5a-eu-with-dc-plug 
 +\\ [50] Figure 52: Power supply 5V, 2.5A, model: INM-0761, www.inmotion.pt/store/power-supply-5v-2-5a-eu-with-dc-plug. 
 +\\ [51] JR. Charles Edwin Harris, Michael Davis, Michael S.Pritchard, and Michael J.Rabins, "Engineering Ethics: What? Why? How? and When?," The Research Journal for Engineering Education, vol. 85, no. 2, pp. 93-96, April 1996. [Online]. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/j.2168-9830.1996.tb00216.x/abstract 
 +\\ [52] François De Grave and Eric Barzin. (2013) l'aquaponie pratique pour le développement de l'aquaponie. [Online]. http://aquaponie-pratique.com/aquaponie-c-est-quoi 
 +\\ [53] Greg. (2013, November) aquaponie.net. [Online]. http://aquaponie.net/le-design-general-du-systeme/ 
 +\\ [54] Gilberto. (2014, January) hydroponie.fr. [Online]. http://hydroponie.fr/category/substrat/ 
 +\\ [55] Emmans Franck. (2014, January) network-survivaliste-francophone.com. [Online]. http://www.network-survivaliste-francophone.com/nourriture-autonomie-independance-survivalisme/aquaponie/les-legumes-en-aquaponie/ 
 +\\ [56] Emmans Franck. (2014, January) network-survivaliste-francophone.com. [Online]. http://www.network-survivaliste-francophone.com/nourriture-autonomie-independance-survivalisme/aquaponie/les-poissons-pour-laquaponie/ 
 +\\ [58] (2012) backyardaquaponics.com. [Online]. http://www.backyardaquaponics.com/guide-to-aquaponics/running-of-the-system/ 
 +\\ [57] Eric. (2014, February) aquaponie-pratique.com. [Online]. http://aquaponie-pratique.com/demarrer-un-systeme-d-aquaponie 
 +\\ [59] Sylvia. (2011, February) theaquaponicsource. [Online]. http://theaquaponicsource.com/2011/02/07/starting-up-cycling-an-aquaponics-system-using-fish/ 
 +\\ [60] Backyard Aquaponics. (2012) Backyard Aquaponics. [Online]. www.backyardaquaponics.com  
 +\\ [61] Nelson, Pade, and Inc. (2013) Nelson Pade Shop. [Online]. store.aquaponics.com/index.php?route=common/home  
 +\\ [62] Figure 15: Targeting subsets of consumers, https://cwcc.wordpress.com/2011/02/07/tips-for-defining-your-target-market. 
 +\\ [63] Jack Trout. (2009) Brand positioning basics. [Online]. www.brandingstrategyinsider.com/2009/02/brand-positioning-basics.html#.U5Hn_N4SOYA 
 +\\ [64] Jack Trout. (2014) Summary of positioning. [Online]. http://www.valuebasedmanagement.net/methods_trout_positioning.html  
 +\\ [65] Figure 16: Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Maslow. 
 +\\ [66] Figure 17: 4ps marketing mix example, www.smartdraw.com/examples/view/4ps+marketing+mix/. 
 +\\ [67] The Chartered Institute of Marketing. (2014) An overview of marketing. [Online]. www.cim.co.uk/marketingplanningtool/intro.asp 

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